Journal: BMC cardiovascular disorders

Article Title: Left ventricular hypertrophy in young hypertensives: the possible crosstalk of mTOR and angiotensin-II -a case-control study.

doi: 10.1186/s12872-025-04470-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6 shows mTOR (a) and Ang II (b) in normotensive, HTN with or with out LVH. Values are represented as median and analysed by Kruskal-Wallis. *P < 0.05 vs. NORM, #<0.05 vs. HWOLVH. Ang II (Angiotensin II); mTOR (mammalian target organ of rapamycin)

Article Snippet: The following ELISA kits were used human mTOR ELISA Kit (Cat: ELK9237), human CHEM (Chemerin) ELISA Kit (Cat: ELK1953) and human GAL3 (Galectin 3) ELISA Kit from ELK Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (1312 17th Street #692 Denver, CO 80202 USA), human Ang-II (Angiotensin II) ELISA Kit from Elabscience Biotechnology Inc. (Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.C., China), human Troponin T ELISA kit produced by BT laboratories (Cat No: E2285Hu) and NF-kβ (human p50) Transcription Factor Assay Kit (Cat # KA1339 V.01) produced by ABNOVA.

Techniques:

Journal: BMC cardiovascular disorders

Article Title: Left ventricular hypertrophy in young hypertensives: the possible crosstalk of mTOR and angiotensin-II -a case-control study.

doi: 10.1186/s12872-025-04470-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 9 shows the correlation between Ang II (a), LVM (b), LVMI (c) and mTOR in HWLVH. Ang-II (r = 0.489, p = 0.034) * #; LVM (r = 0.419, p = 0.06) β; LVMI (r = 0.210, p = 0.417) #; Ang II (Angiotensin II). βPearson correlation; #Spearman correlation; *statistically significant (p < 0.05)

Article Snippet: The following ELISA kits were used human mTOR ELISA Kit (Cat: ELK9237), human CHEM (Chemerin) ELISA Kit (Cat: ELK1953) and human GAL3 (Galectin 3) ELISA Kit from ELK Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (1312 17th Street #692 Denver, CO 80202 USA), human Ang-II (Angiotensin II) ELISA Kit from Elabscience Biotechnology Inc. (Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.C., China), human Troponin T ELISA kit produced by BT laboratories (Cat No: E2285Hu) and NF-kβ (human p50) Transcription Factor Assay Kit (Cat # KA1339 V.01) produced by ABNOVA.

Techniques:

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Angiotension II directly bind P2X7 receptor to induce myocardial ferroptosis and remodeling by activating human antigen R

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103154

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased ferroptosis and ROS in the myocardium of Ang II-induced mice. A C57BL/6 mice were continuously subcutaneously infused with Ang II using ALZET® Osmotic Pumps (Model 1004) for 4 weeks. B Representative Western blot analysis of HO-1 and GPX4 levels in the myocardium of mice. GAPDH was used as a loading control. C Densitometric quantification of immunoblots in A (n = 6; *versus the Ctrl group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). D Representative images of H&E staining, Sirius red staining and 4-HNE immunoreactivity in the myocardium of mice. E and F The levels of Fe 2+ in serum ( E ) and heart tissue. G-I Representative MDA content, SOD activity and GSH levels in the myocardium of mice. J C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal-iron diet (NID) or a high-iron diet (HID) and infused with Ang II for 4 weeks. K and M Body weight ( K ) and SBP ( M ) of Ang II + NID or Ang II + HID mice every 7 days (n = 6; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus the Ang II + NID group). N and O : ejection fraction (EF, N ) and fractional shortening (FS, O ), respectively. P Representative images of echocardiographic images and H&E and Sirius red staining and WGA staining in the myocardium of Ang II + NID or Ang II + HID mice. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: To determine the concentration of Ang II in the serum, a human Ang II ELISA kit (E-EL-H0326c, Elabscience) was used.

Techniques: Western Blot, Control, Staining, Activity Assay

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Angiotension II directly bind P2X7 receptor to induce myocardial ferroptosis and remodeling by activating human antigen R

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103154

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ferroptosis inhibitors protect against Ang II-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in mice. A-D Echocardiographic analysis of the ejection fraction (EF, A ), fractional shortening (FS, B ), left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole (LVPWd, C ) and interventricular septal thickness at diastole (IVSd, D ). E Representative M-mode echocardiographic images of each group of mice. F The levels of Fe 2+ in serum. G, I and H Representative images of H&E and Sirius red staining and WGA in heart sections. J Quantification of the interstitial fibrotic area as determined by Sirius red staining. K Quantification of the size of myocardial cells as determined by WGA. L and N Representative Western blot analysis of β-MYHC, ANP, COL-1, MMP9 and TGF-β in cardiac tissues; GAPDH was used as a loading control. M and O Densitometric quantification of immunoblots in L and N, respectively (n = 6; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus the Ctrl group; #P < 0.05 versus the Ang II group). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: To determine the concentration of Ang II in the serum, a human Ang II ELISA kit (E-EL-H0326c, Elabscience) was used.

Techniques: Staining, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Angiotension II directly bind P2X7 receptor to induce myocardial ferroptosis and remodeling by activating human antigen R

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103154

Figure Lengend Snippet: P2X7R expression was elevated in the myocardium of Ang II-infused mice and in cardiomyocytes. A Heatmap of P2X7R expression profiles identified in mouse models following Ang II infusion from the GSE89712 dataset (n = 2). B Representative immunoblot showing P2X7R in the myocardium of Ang II-infused mice. C mRNA levels of P2X7R in cardiac tissues. D Double immunofluorescence staining for P2X7R (red), the fibrosis marker vimentin (green, the top two rows) or the myocyte marker α-actin (green, the next two rows) in the myocardium of Ang II-infused mice. Merged images (orange) showing colocalization. E Quantification of the P2X7R immunoreactive area (%) in D . F Quantification of double immunoreactivity showing the percentages of P2X7R-positive plus α-actin- and vimentin-positive areas in images of Ang II-infused mice in D . G Representative immunoblot showing P2X7R in primary cardiomyocytes, H9c2 cardiomyocyte-like cell lines and primary fibroblasts stimulated with different concentrations of Ang II (n = 6; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus the Ctrl group; #P < 0.05 versus the Vimentin group). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: To determine the concentration of Ang II in the serum, a human Ang II ELISA kit (E-EL-H0326c, Elabscience) was used.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Double Immunofluorescence Staining, Marker

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Angiotension II directly bind P2X7 receptor to induce myocardial ferroptosis and remodeling by activating human antigen R

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103154

Figure Lengend Snippet: P2X7R deficiency improved Ang II-induced cardiac diastolic and systolic dysfunction and cardiac remodeling in mice. A C57BL/6 or P2X7R knockout mice were infused with Ang II or saline for 4 weeks. Heart weight-to-body weight ratio (HW/BW) in each group of mice. B Representative M-mode echocardiographic images. C–F Echocardiographic analysis of the ejection fraction (EF, C ), fractional shortening (FS, D ), left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole (LVPWd, E ) and interventricular septal thickness at diastole (IVSd, F ). G The serum level of ANP was detected with an ELISA kit. H Representative H&E-stained images (longitudinal section, upper and transverse section, bottom). I and J Representative images of WGA in transverse sections of heart tissues ( I ) and quantification of the cardiomyocyte area from WGA ( J ). K and L Representative images of Masson staining ( K ) and quantification of the interstitial fibrotic area from Masson staining ( L ). M Representative Western blot analysis of β-MYHC, ANP, COL-1, MMP9 and TGF-β in cardiac tissues; GAPDH was used as a loading control. N Densitometric quantification of immunoblots in M (n = 6; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus the Ctrl group; #P < 0.05 versus the Ang II group).

Article Snippet: To determine the concentration of Ang II in the serum, a human Ang II ELISA kit (E-EL-H0326c, Elabscience) was used.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Saline, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Staining, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Angiotension II directly bind P2X7 receptor to induce myocardial ferroptosis and remodeling by activating human antigen R

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103154

Figure Lengend Snippet: P2X7R deficiency alleviates Ang II-induced myocardial ferroptosis in Ang II-induced mice. A Representative Western blot analysis of HO-1 and GPX4 levels in the heart tissues of mice. GAPDH was used as a loading control. B Densitometric quantification of immunoblots in A. C and D mRNA levels of HO-1 and GPX4 in heart tissues. E The contents of Fe 2+ in heart tissues measured by a kit. F Representative immunohistochemical images of 4-HNE in heart tissues. G Ultrastructural changes, including decreased mitochondrial volume, increased bilayer membrane density and the disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, were detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). H and I C57BL/6 or P2X7R knockout mice were fed a high-iron diet and infused with Ang II or saline for 4 weeks. Echocardiographic analysis of ejection fraction (EF, H ), fractional shortening (FS, I ) J-L Representative images of H&E ( J ) and Masson staining ( K ); quantification of interstitial fibrotic area from Masson staining ( L ) (n = 6; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus Ctrl group; #P < 0.05 versus Ang II group).

Article Snippet: To determine the concentration of Ang II in the serum, a human Ang II ELISA kit (E-EL-H0326c, Elabscience) was used.

Techniques: Western Blot, Control, Immunohistochemical staining, Membrane, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Knock-Out, Saline, Staining

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Angiotension II directly bind P2X7 receptor to induce myocardial ferroptosis and remodeling by activating human antigen R

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103154

Figure Lengend Snippet: P2X7R inhibition abolished Ang II-induced ferroptosis in vitro. H9c2 cells were pretreated with 10 μM A438079 (a P2X7R inhibitor) for 2 h and then stimulated with 1 μM Ang II for 24 h. A Representative Western blot analysis of HO-1 and GPX4 levels; GAPDH was used as a loading control. B and C Densitometric quantification of immunoblots in A . D-F Representative MDA content, SOD activity and GSH levels in each group. G The mitochondrial membrane potential of H9c2 cells was measured by JC-1 staining (n = 3; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus the Ctrl group; #P < 0.05 versus the Ang II group).

Article Snippet: To determine the concentration of Ang II in the serum, a human Ang II ELISA kit (E-EL-H0326c, Elabscience) was used.

Techniques: Inhibition, In Vitro, Western Blot, Control, Activity Assay, Membrane, Staining

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Angiotension II directly bind P2X7 receptor to induce myocardial ferroptosis and remodeling by activating human antigen R

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103154

Figure Lengend Snippet: P2X7R blockade affects the stability of GPX4 and HO-1 mRNA by regulating HuR expression and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. A and B H9c2 cells transfected with si-P2X7R were stimulated with 1 μM Ang Ⅱ for 24 h, and actinomycin D (Act D) was added at different times to interfere with the cell transcriptional cycle. The mRNA levels of GPX4 ( A ) and HO-1 ( B ) in H9c2 cells were detected. C Representative Western blot analysis of HuR levels with GAPDH as a loading control. D Densitometric quantification of immunoblots in C . E Immunofluorescence staining for HuR (green) in H9c2 cells. Increased fluorescence intensity in the cytoplasm after stimulation with 1 μM Ang Ⅱ. F and G, Relative GPX4 mRNA ( F ) and HO-1 mRNA ( G ) in H9c2 cells transfected with Si-HuR, stimulated with Ang Ⅱ and then treated with Act D. H and I RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assays were used to verify the binding of HuR to GPX4 ( H ) and HO-1 ( I ) mRNA (n = 3; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus the Ctrl group; #P < 0.05 versus the Ang II group). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: To determine the concentration of Ang II in the serum, a human Ang II ELISA kit (E-EL-H0326c, Elabscience) was used.

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Western Blot, Control, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence, RNA Binding Assay, Immunoprecipitation, Binding Assay

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Angiotension II directly bind P2X7 receptor to induce myocardial ferroptosis and remodeling by activating human antigen R

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103154

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ang II directly binds to the P2X7R protein at positions LYS-66 and MET-212. A and B H9c2 cells were treated with 1 μM Ang II or biotinylated angiotensin II (Bio-Ang II) for 24 h. Representative Western blot analysis of P2X7R in cells with GAPDH as a loading control ( A ). Densitometric quantification of immunoblots in A ( B ) (n = 3; **P < 0.01 versus the Ctrl group). C H9c2 cells were treated with 1 μM Bio-Ang II or free biotin for 24 h, followed by double-immunofluorescence staining for biotin (green) and P2X7R (red). D and F Binding of Bio-Ang II to P2X7R was determined by pull-down assays. Bio-Ang II was added to streptavidin-agarose beads, and total lysates were used as an input control. Lysates prepared from heart tissues of mice infused with saline or Ang II were added to streptavidin-agarose beads with Bio-Ang II ( D ). Lysates were prepared from primary cardiomyocytes overexpressing Flag-P2X7R. Untreated beads (Blank), biotin alone (Bio) and unconjugated Ang II (Ang II) were used as controls ( E ). F Biolayer interferometry (BLI) analysis of the binding of Ang II to purified P2X7R protein. Ang II was added at different concentrations, and kinetic analysis was performed (shown in the panel below). G and H Molecular docking study between compound Ang II and the 3D structure of P2RX7 (PDB code: 6U9W ) ( G ). The key amino acids are connected to the molecular formula of Ang II through dashed lines ( H ). I HEK-293T cells were transfected with Flag-tagged P2X7R with THR-189 (Flag-PT189), Flag-tagged P2X7R with LYS-66 (Flag-PL66), Flag-tagged P2X7R with LYS-193 (Flag-PL193) and Flag-tagged P2RX7 with MET-212 (Flag-PM212). Lysates were added to streptavidin-agarose beads with Bio-Ang II. H Schematic representation of the key findings of this study. Ang II-induced myocardial remodeling involves upregulation of P2X7R expression and activation of ferroptosis. Intriguingly, Ang II directly interacts with the P2X7R protein. Furthermore, P2X7R mediates Ang II-induced myocardial ferroptosis through HuR, which affects the stability of GPX4 and HO-1 mRNA. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: To determine the concentration of Ang II in the serum, a human Ang II ELISA kit (E-EL-H0326c, Elabscience) was used.

Techniques: Western Blot, Control, Double Immunofluorescence Staining, Binding Assay, Saline, Purification, Transfection, Expressing, Activation Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Propofol prevents human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury from Ang II-induced apoptosis by activating the ACE2-(1-7)-Mas axis and eNOS phosphorylation

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199373

Figure Lengend Snippet: HUVECs cultured in 96-well plates were treated with AngII for 24 h, followed by treatment with propofol with or without A779 for 4 h. Data are shown as the mean±s.d. from n = 3 independent experiments. (a) The level of Ang (1–7) was quantified by ELISA; *P<0.01 versus the AngII group, and #P<0.05 versus the control group. (b) The level of AngII was quantified by ELISA using a commercial kit. # P<0.05 versus the AngII group. (c) The ratio of Ang (1–7) to AngII expression was calculated and shown as (c). *P<0.01 versus the AngII -treated group, # P<0.05 versus the AngII+propofol 100μM group, and ¶P<0.01 versus the control group.

Article Snippet: ELISA assay kit for Ang (1–7) /Ang II was purchased from CUSABIO Company (cat. no.CSB-E04493h).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Expressing

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Local Augmented Angiotensinogen Secreted from Apoptotic Vascular Endothelial Cells Is a Vital Mediator of Vascular Remodelling

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132583

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Western blot analyses of AGT expression in an SS medium with different incubation times (0 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 h, 6 h). CE, cell extract from HUVECs. PL, plasma from blood sample. M, ladder marker. Upper panel shows rapid (5 minutes) staining of protein bands on a PVDF membrane with the Ponceau S stain. (B) The Ang II concentration detected using an ELISA assay was highly increased in the SS medium (conditioned for 4 h) compared with that in the ECs conditioned in the serum-free medium for 1 minute (*** P < 0.001). Conditioning ECs with lisinopril in an SS medium, SS+Lis, suppressed the production of Ang II (*** P < 0.001), but suppression was not found in SS+Ben. ns, no significance. Data are expressed as the mean ± SE and are representative of 3 experiments. (C) Western blot analyses of phosphorylated ERK1/2 expressions in VSMCs exposed to N, SS, SSC, and ACEi-SSC (SS+Lis) for 1 h. The activation of phospho-ERK1/2 was suppressed in the ACEi-SSC group. (D) The activation of phospho-ERK1/2 in SSC was suppressed by 10 μM losartan.

Article Snippet: The concentration of Ang II in SS, SSC, and ACEi-SSC was detected using the commercial Ang II ELISA kit (CUSABIO BIOTECH Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Incubation, Clinical Proteomics, Marker, Staining, Membrane, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activation Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Local Augmented Angiotensinogen Secreted from Apoptotic Vascular Endothelial Cells Is a Vital Mediator of Vascular Remodelling

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132583

Figure Lengend Snippet: The paracrine source of local augmented Ang II produced from apoptotic ECs serves as a vital messenger in the formation of neointima. ECs, endothelial cells. MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells.

Article Snippet: The concentration of Ang II in SS, SSC, and ACEi-SSC was detected using the commercial Ang II ELISA kit (CUSABIO BIOTECH Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Produced

Journal: Cells

Article Title: A Novel 3D Culture System Using a Chitin-Based Polysaccharide Material Produces High-Quality Allogeneic Human UCMSCs with Dispersed Sphere Morphology

doi: 10.3390/cells11060995

Figure Lengend Snippet: Paracrine factors from UCMSCs with Cellhesion ® MS. ( A ) The secretion levels of PGE 2 and TSG-6 by UCMSCs cultured with Cellhesion ® MS increased, compared with monolayer culture. The secretion levels of PGE 2 and TSG-6 by UCMSCs were measured by ELISA and normalized with an ATP assay. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, compared with each control or TNFα. ( B ) The secretion levels of bFGF and Angiogenin by UCMSCs cultured with Cellhesion ® MS increased, compared with monolayer culture. The secretion levels of bFGF, and Angiogenin by UCMSCs were measured by ELISA and normalized with an ATP assay. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, compared with each culture. ( C ) The total length of HUVEC treated with CM from UCMSCs with Cellhesion ® MS was significantly longer than control and with CM from monolayer cultured UCMSCs. Total length of HUVEC in each condition was calculated by Angiogenesis Analyzer plug-in on ImageJ software. Each picture was one of the analyzed examples. Scale bar = 500 μm. *** p < 0.001, compared with control or CM from monolayer cultured UCMSCs. Data show mean averages ± SD for three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The Angiogenin ELISA kit was purchased from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, ATP Assay, Control, Software

Journal: Cells

Article Title: A Novel 3D Culture System Using a Chitin-Based Polysaccharide Material Produces High-Quality Allogeneic Human UCMSCs with Dispersed Sphere Morphology

doi: 10.3390/cells11060995

Figure Lengend Snippet: Confirmation of characteristics of Cellhesion ® MS culture, using UCMSCs from donors. ( A ) Images of cell morphology for each donor. ( B ) The number of primary UCMSCs from donors increased. The number of primary UCMSCs was measured using an ATP assay. ** p < 0.01, compared with day zero. ( C ) The expression levels of NANOG and OCT4 mRNA in UCMSCs on Cellhesion ® MS increased, compared with day zero and monolayer culture. The expression levels of NANOG and OCT4 mRNA in UCMSCs were determined by real-time RT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH mRNA levels. ( D ) The secretion levels of PGE 2 and bFGF from UCMSCs cultured with Cellhesion ® MS increased, compared with monolayer culture. The secretion levels of PGE 2 and bFGF from UCMSCs were measured by ELISA and normalized with a CCK assay. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, compared with control or TNFα. Data show mean averages ± SD for four independent donors.

Article Snippet: The Angiogenin ELISA kit was purchased from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA).

Techniques: ATP Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: A Novel 3D Culture System Using a Chitin-Based Polysaccharide Material Produces High-Quality Allogeneic Human UCMSCs with Dispersed Sphere Morphology

doi: 10.3390/cells11060995

Figure Lengend Snippet: Scaled-up culture of UCMSCs using a culture bag to produce a closed culture system. ( A ) An image of the culture bag configuration. White arrows indicate medium containing 0.05% Cellhesion ® MS. ( B ) Comparison of cell growth in each culture method. The number of UCMSCs was measured using an ATP assay. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, compared with day zero. ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, compared with U-bottom plate. $$$ p < 0.001, compared with Cellhesion ® MS. ( C ) The expression levels of NANOG, OCT4, and CXCR4 in UCMSCs on Cellhesion ® MS increased, compared with microcarrier and U-bottom plate culture. The expression levels of NANOG, OCT4, and CXCR4 mRNA in UCMSCs were determined by real-time RT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH mRNA levels. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, compared with day zero. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, compared with microcarrier. $ p < 0.05, $$ p < 0.01, $$$ p < 0.001, compared with U-bottom plate. ( D ) The secretion levels of PGE 2 and bFGF from UCMSCs with Cellhesion ® MS increased, compared with microcarrier and U-bottom plate culture. The secretion levels of PGE 2 and bFGF from UCMSCs were measured by ELISA and normalized with an ATP assay. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, compared with control or TNFα in microcarrier or U-bottom plate culture. ( E ) The number of UCMSCs was the same, for 50% and 100% volume medium replacement during the culture period. The number of UCMSCs was measured using an ATP assay in both conditions. ( F ) Schematic of a closed culture system using Cellhesion ® MS. Data show mean averages ± SD for three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The Angiogenin ELISA kit was purchased from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA).

Techniques: Comparison, ATP Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control